IMPACT OF AMD ON ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING

There is a spectrum of visual loss with AMD: from individuals who have lost a little to those who have lost all central vision.

Visual loss can have widely varying functional implications. These are related to:

  • type of loss
  • extent of loss
  • types of activities that were previously engaged in
  • emotional reaction to the loss

In one study of the impact of visual function on computer task performance in patients with AMD, contrast sensitivity was the most significant predictor of computer task accuracy. Age-related changes in vision place older adults at risk of falling:

  • diminished ability of eyes to adjust to varying light levels
  • greater sensitivity of the aging eye to glare can make it difficult to see objects in ones path
  • loss of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity make the perception of objects more difficult

AMD often develops slowly, giving patients the opportunity to adapt to changes in vision; in addition, if one eye is unaffected or only mildly affected, patients may fail to notice visual loss in the more severely affected eye.

Similarly, when a scotoma is present, the patient may feel "clumsy"but not associate this with a visual field loss, and family members may not understand difficulties in reading text when the patient can read a clock from across the room.

Having the freedom and independence to get around safely, perform daily tasks, visit friends, or keep medical appointments are some of the most crucial factors in adapting well.

Riding transportation, detecting curbs, and crossing streets are all activities that older adults with impaired vision may need help relearning to increase their independence and safety.